Ballads developed from 14th and 15th-century minstrelsy. The minstrel, a traveling performer, could be a musician, acrobat, singer, or any other type of entertainer. As the decades and centuries progressed, the word “minstrel” narrowed to mean someone who sang songs. However, the connection to the ballad is evident when one considers that minstrels usually performed songs that told stories of mythical people, history, and folk customs to the commoners within an area.
The Romantic period saw a massive revival in the ballad form as poets began to appreciate poetry written for the masses – and not just the super-elite aristocrats.
Ballads, usually have thirteen lines with varying rhyme schemes, and often have frequent rhyme. This rhyming makes the poem more musical and memorable. Plus, as folk songs, ballads are usually suitable lyrics for dance tunes.
So, whether you’re in the mood for a legendary tale, a story about a historical event, or the legend of a mythical hero, these best ballads of all time will not disappoint.
‘The Solitary Reaper’ by William Wordsworth is a recollection of the poet’s emotional experience as he listens to a woman singing in the fields.
Wordsworth's 'The Solitary Reaper' is a lyrical ballad that stresses the close relationship between poetry and song. This famous poem follows a slightly unusual rhyme scheme, abab instead of abcb, but still fits the ballad form.
‘Horatius’ by Thomas Babington Macaulay is a long narrative ballad about Horatius Cocles, a legendary hero from early Roman history.
'Horatius' is one of the best-known long-form ballads of the 19th century. This narrative poem fuses the form of the British ballad with Roman epic, stressing the merit and importance of stories and folklore. Additionally, it is a very plain-spoken poem, which means that anyone can read, listen to, and enjoy it.
‘The Three Ravens’ is an Old English folk ballad in the songbook ‘Melismata’ compiled by Thomas Ravenscroft in 1611.
This English folk ballad and song has unknown origins. It was published in 1611 by Thomas Ravenscroft in Melismata but is likely older than that. Since then, musicians have recorded updated versions of the folksong.
In ‘A Red, Red Rose,’ Robert Burns lyrically celebrates enduring love, promising everlasting commitment amidst a temporary farewell.
No ballad has been more influential than Burns' 'A Red, Red Rose.' It has four quatrains (four-line stanzas) with an ABAB rhyme scheme. This lyrical ballad, with its themes of love and desire, has inspired many musicians, including Taube and Bob Dylan. This is an excellent example of how ballads and music often go hand-in-hand. As ballads were traditionally only sung and transferred orally, the poem itself refers to the form of the ballad as the speaker compares his beloved with a sweet melody - 'O my Luve is like the melody/That's sweetly played in tune.'
‘Annabel Lee’ by Edgar Allan Poe is a lyrical narrative ballad about a man haunted by his lost lover, Annabel Lee.
'Annabel Lee' by Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most famous ballads of all time, and it's the best-known American ballad. With its themes of romance, the supernatural, and voyages, plus its gothic undertones, this ballad is a perfect model of American romantic poetry.
‘For a’ That and a’ That’ by Robert Burns describes man’s true worth as not being defined by wealth, position, or possessions.
The poem was written as a song and has been set to music by various composers. It is a ballad, particularly a Scottish ballad, which is often set to music. It has five stanzas, each of which can be divided into two quatrains. Thus, the ten quatrains of the poem have a rhyme scheme of ABCB, often found in Scottish ballads, which have the second and fourth lines of a stanza being rhymed. The poem's meter is predominantly iambic tetrameter, meaning each line contains four metrical feet. The rhyme and meter offer distinct rhythmic quality to the poem.
‘Sumer is icumen in’ is a song written in the Wessex dialect of Middle English. The brilliance of the composition lies in the use of a refrain that resonates with the consecutive cooing of the Cuckoo.
Wordsworth’s ‘The Tables Turned’ asks readers to quit books and rediscover the natural world’s beauty and wisdom.
While a classic Ballad follows the ABCB structure, this one follows ABAB, often considered most challenging as more rhymes must be made, and therefore more difficult to keep pacing and tone in check. This poem does both well, and is unique for using a different structure than the normal.
‘The Ballad of Reading Gaol’ is a scathing critique of the penal system and an exploration of complex human emotions.
'The Ballad of Reading Gaol' by Oscar Wilde is incredibly significant because of its unique use of ballad form to describe prison life and some of the darkest parts of humanity. This ballad takes the term "folk-tale" and turns it on its head, describing the unfortunate lives of the common folk confined in prison.
‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’ by John Keats is an intriguing narrative that explores death, decay, and love with a supernatural aura.
The poem perfectly follows the form of a ballad - it's a narrative poem divided into twelve quatrains; each stanza follows the structure of an iambic tetrameter in the first three lines, with a rhyme scheme of ABCB. This traditional ballad form lends a rhythmic and musical quality to the poem's recounting of the knight's tale. Moreover, the poem's content, such as knights and fairy tales, aligns with the elements commonly found in ballads and medieval romance. Thus, the poem's structure and content resonate aptly with the ballad form, which provides a fitting rhythm and structure for the narrative.
‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a lyrical ballad narrated by an old sailor about a mysterious sea journey.
'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' is written as a ballad, which is a type of poem that tells a story using simple language and a steady rhythm. Ballads are often meant to be sung or recited, which gives the poem a musical quality. Coleridge follows this style by using four-line stanzas and a steady rhyme scheme. The poem also includes repetition and dialogue, which make it feel like an old folk tale.
Tennyson’s ‘The Lady of Shalott’ narrates the tale of the cursed Lady entrapped in a tower on the island of Shalott, who meets a tragic end.
'The Lady of Shalott' is a ballad embodying its characteristics in form and content. The poem's rhythm, meter, and rhyme give it a song-like quality typical of traditional ballads. It predominantly uses iambic tetrameter, with the last line of each stanza in iambic trimeter. The unique but steady rhyme pattern of AAAABCCCB in each stanza contributes to the rhythm that enhances the narrative and keeps readers engaged. The poem's content echoes the medieval romantic tradition with fantastical, magical, and supernatural elements reminiscent of oral storytelling and ballads, reflecting Victorian concerns within this traditional melodic form.
‘I have never seen “Volcanoes”’ by Emily Dickinson is a clever, complex poem that compares humans and their emotions to a volcano’s eruptive power.
The poem uses the ABCB rhyme scheme typically associated with ballads, as well as alternating between iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter which, again, is in keeping with the ballad tradition.
‘The Wreck of the Hesperus’ by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a narrative poem about a shipwreck and human vanity.
This poem is one of the most famous ballads, but ultimately, its cousin, 'Rime of the Ancient Mariner,' is better (especially because this one doesn't have zombies). However, it is a classic tale of hubris with a moral, and it's a pleasant, brief, sing-songy read.
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