Alfred Lord Tennyson

15+ Must-Read Alfred Lord Tennyson Poems

(15 to start, 30+ to explore)

Tithonus

‘Tithonus’ stands as one of Alfred Lord Tennyson’s most important works, masterfully expanding on Greek mythology to explore the inevitability of death. The poem centers on the character Tithonus, who is cursed with eternal aging. This piece serves as a prime example of Tennyson’s unparalleled skill in elaborating on myths and legends, making it a cornerstone in his oeuvre.

Originally penned as 'Tithon' in 1833 but published under its full name in 1859, this poem is a quintessential representation of Tennyson's style. It explores the story of Tithonus, a figure in Greek mythology who is granted immortality but continues to age. The poem uses Tithonus's predicament to delve into the inescapable reality of death.

The woods decay, the woods decay and fall,

The vapours weep their burthen to the ground,

Man comes and tills the field and lies beneath,

And after many a summer dies the swan.

A Question by Shelley

‘A Question by Shelley’ is one of Tennyson’s most thought-provoking works that delves into the greatest unanswered questions of life, echoing the last words of Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Then what is life?”

The poem begins with the speaker referencing some of the last words that Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote before his death. Tennyson describes the fervor with which he and those like him discussed these questions of life. The poem concludes by categorizing people into two types: those who care about these questions and those who don't. Tennyson is pleased to count himself among the former, even though it is the more challenging path.

“Then what is life?” I cried. From his rent deeps

Of soul the poet cast that burning word;

And it should seem as though his prayer was heard,

For he died soon; and now his rest he keeps

#3
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Nationality: English
Themes: Death, Dreams, Love
Form: Sonnet
"> 96/100

If I were loved, as I desire to be

‘If I were loved, as I desire to be’ is a standout sonnet by Tennyson that explores the transformative power of love in overcoming life’s challenges.

The poem opens with the speaker lamenting how he is treated by others. He then expresses a desire to be loved by a specific individual. Achieving this love, he believes, would shield him from the world's evils. Love would grant him an unbreakable hope that transcends any form of despair. The poem culminates in the speaker's declaration that even if the world were to end, and he faced death alone with his love, he would remain unafraid.

If I were loved, as I desire to be,

What is there in the great sphere of the earth,

And range of evil between death and birth,

That I should fear, —if I were loved by thee?

#4
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The Lady of Shalott

Tennyson’s ‘The Lady of Shalott’ narrates the tale of the cursed Lady entrapped in a tower on the island of Shalott, who meets a tragic end.

This poem holds significant critical acclaim in Tennyson's oeuvre and Victorian literature. It draws from the Italian novelette 'Donna di Scalotta,' fairy tale books while containing numerous allusions to other texts. The Lady cursed to view the world only through a mirror symbolizes artistic confinement and isolation as Tennyson explores artists' role in Victorian society. The poet distinguishes himself from the Lady by ending the poem with Lancelot's voice, showing artists' ability to isolate and mingle in society. The poem exemplifies Tennyson's mastery of rhythm, meter, language, and presentation of myth with deeper personal and societal concerns, solidifying his reputation as a preeminent Victorian poet.

On either side the river lie

Long fields of barley and of rye,

That clothe the wold and meet the sky;

And thro' the field the road runs by

#5
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Nationality: English
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The Lotos-eaters

‘The Lotos-eaters’ delves into the mesmerizing effects of the lotos plants on Odysseus’s men, as they become enchanted by an otherworldly land.

Based on an episode from Homer's Odyssey, 'The Lotos-eaters' starts with Odysseus urging his men to have courage as they will soon find land. They quickly discover an enchanting island where the native "Lotos-eaters" offer them branches laden with lotos flowers and fruits. Consuming these, the men decide they'd rather stay on the island than return to their homeland. The latter part of the poem features a "Choric Song" where the men list reasons for wanting to remain in this captivating place.

"Courage!" he said, and pointed toward the land,

"This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon."

In the afternoon they came unto a land

In which it seemed always afternoon.

#6
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The Charge of the Light Brigade

‘Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred Lord Tennyson is a historically important poem that tells of the incredible bravery of the British cavalry during the Battle of Balaclava.

Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' in response to a real historical event, the Battle of Balaclava. He wrote it quickly after reading about the tragedy in a newspaper. This poem became one of his most widely recognized works because of how it honors the bravery of soldiers who followed orders even when the outcome was clear. It’s often remembered as one of his most powerful and emotionally stirring pieces.

Theirs not to reason why,

Theirs but to do and die:

Into the valley of Death

Rode the six hundred.

#7
PDF Guide
Nationality: English
Themes: Death, Love, Nature
"> 87/100

Nothing Will Die

‘Nothing will Die’ is a contemplative poem that delves into the themes of life, death, and the perpetual cycle of nature.

In 'Nothing will Die,' the speaker poses a series of questions about the permanence of natural elements and human emotions, answering each with a resounding "never." The poem concludes with the assertion that nothing is ever truly born or dies; everything is part of an eternal cycle of change and return to the Earth.

When will the stream be aweary of flowing

Under my eye?

When will the wind be aweary of blowing

Over the sky?

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Oenone

Alfred Lord Tennyson’s ‘Oenone’ weaves heart-wrenching verses as Oenone, spurned by Paris, faces solitude, despair, and a haunting future.

'Oenone' is a good example of Alfred Lord Tennyson's poetry. The poem encapsulates his signature style, marked by eloquence, vivid imagery, and a penchant for exploring mythological narratives. Tennyson's thematic focus on love, loss, and intricate human emotions is mirrored in this work. 'Oenone' serves as a quintessential illustration of Tennyson's ability to weave classical elements into Victorian poetry, showcasing his enduring literary prowess.

There lies a vale in Ida, lovelier

Than all the valleys of Ionian hills.

The swimming vapour slopes athwart the glen,

Puts forth an arm, and creeps from pine to pine,

#9
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The Eagle

‘The Eagle’ is a poem that captures the strength of the majestic bird, inspiring readers to reach for the heights of their own potential.

‘The Eagle’ is a concise masterpiece by Tennyson, consisting of just six lines. The poem zeroes in on the eagle as a symbol of power and solitude, elevated above the mundane world. The reader is compelled to ponder the life of this majestic creature, particularly in the dramatic final lines where the eagle dives towards the sea "like a thunderbolt." This poem encapsulates Tennyson's frequent exploration of nature, power, and human emotions.

He clasps the crag with crooked hands; 

Close to the sun in lonely lands, 

Ring'd with the azure world, he stands.

#10
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Nationality: English
Emotion: Fear
Form: Sonnet
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The Kraken

‘The Kraken’ by Tennyson delves into the mysterious story of an ancient sea monster, predicting his rise to the sea’s surface only to die.

"The Kraken" explores the life, slumber, and eventual awakening of an enigmatic sea creature. The poem begins by emphasizing the creature's elusive nature, hidden deep within the ocean where no human can venture. Contrary to being a ruler of the underwater world, the Kraken is portrayed as just another ancient entity. The poem culminates in a dramatic revelation: the Kraken will one day awaken, unleash its power upon humanity and celestial beings, and then meet its end upon reaching the surface.

Below the thunders of the upper deep,

Far, far beneath in the abysmal sea,

His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep

The Kraken sleepeth: faintest sunlights flee

#11
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Mariana

‘Mariana’ by Alfred Lord Tennyson, drawing from a Shakespearean play, depicts the sorrow of a lonely woman abandoned by her lover.

This poem draws from Shakespeare's 'Measure for Measure,' showing Mariana's wait for her lover and the ensuing loneliness and sorrow. It is critically acclaimed and considered one of Tennyson's masterpieces depicting his incredible poetic skills. It is particularly noted for its sensory imagery, emotional depth, and deft use of setting. Through auditory imagery, the poem creatively conveys Mariana's loneliness by creating a silence-sound dynamic. It gained considerable recognition and inspired various adaptations, including John Everett Millais's 1851 painting 'Mariana,' which eventually inspired Elizabeth Gaskell's novel 'Ruth.'

With blackest moss the flower-plots

Were thickly crusted, one and all:

The rusted nails fell from the knots

That held the pear to the gable-wall.

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Tears, Idle Tears

‘Tears, Idle Tears’ is an emotional exploration of time, life, and death, told through the eyes of a court maiden and filled with vivid imagery.

'Tears, Idle Tears' was published in 1847 as part of Tennyson's longer work, 'The Princess.' The poem is a poignant reflection on the themes of time, life, and death, narrated from the perspective of a court maiden. The emotional intensity of the poem is heightened by a rich array of images, such as summer mornings, birds, ship sails, and sunlight, all of which come to the speaker through a lens of endless tears.

Tears, idle tears, I know not what they mean,

Tears from the depth of some divine despair

Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes,

In looking on the happy autumn-fields,

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Crossing the Bar

‘Crossing the Bar’ by Alfred Lord Tennyson presents the journey from life into death as if calmly advancing into a new phase.

'Crossing the Bar' beautifully represents Alfred Lord Tennyson’s reflective and spiritual themes. It echoes his ability to find profound meaning in life’s transitions, much like his other works, such as “In Memoriam.” With its calm tone and universal message about facing life’s end, it resonates deeply—like the steady reassurance of a lighthouse guiding a ship home.

Sunset and evening star,

And one clear call for me!

And may there be no moaning of the bar,

When I put out to sea,

#14
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Dark house, by which once more I stand

‘Dark house, by which once more I stand’ is an excerpt of an elegy that grieves over the lost company and the empty home of a dead friend.

This poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson is just a small part of a larger poetic work, yet these three quatrains convey a poignant understanding of death as the absence of life, joy, and direction. The speaker finds themselves in a lamentable situation at the start of the first stanza as they visit the home of a friend who has suddenly passed away. Yet because of their grief, they find it a dark and uninviting place compared to when their friend was alive, revealing the emotionally palpable ways such sorrow and loss can affect how we interact with the world around us.

Dark house, by which once more I stand

         Here in the long unlovely street,

         Doors, where my heart was used to beat

So quickly, waiting for a hand,

#15
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Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal

Tennyson’s ‘Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal’ illustrates lovers’ union and the speaker’s desire through intricate nature imagery at twilight.

'Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal' is one of the songs from Tennyson's longer narrative poem, 'The Princess.' Princess Ida reads this poem aloud to the recovering prince in the narrative. This poem stands out with its intricate imagery and similes, reflecting Tennyson's incredible craftsmanship and mastery of lyrical expression. It is famous and has been part of multiple musical adaptations, including featuring as a song in the 2004 film 'Vanity Fair.' Notably, Oscar Wilde alluded to this song in his essay 'The Decay of Lying,' and Michel Faber's novel 'The Crimson Petal and the White' is named after it.

Now sleeps the crimson petal, now the white;

Nor waves the cypress in the palace walk;

Nor winks the gold fin in the porphyry font.

The firefly wakens; waken thou with me.

Alfred Lord Tennyson iconFAQs about Alfred Lord Tennyson

Alfred Tennyson was a famous British poet who lived during the 19th century. He is considered one of the most renowned poets of the Victorian era and was appointed as the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1850.

Alfred Tennyson's poems often explore themes of nature, love, death, melancholy, and the human condition. His works also delve into topics such as heroism, societal change, and the impacts of industrialization.

Yes, Alfred Tennyson's poems often reference historical and cultural events or figures. For example, 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' is based on the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War, and 'Ulysses' draws inspiration from the Greek mythological character of Odysseus.

Alfred Tennyson's poems continue to resonate with readers today due to their timeless themes, evocative imagery, and powerful language. His exploration of the human experience and emotions transcends time, allowing readers to connect with his poetry on a profound level.

Yes, Alfred Tennyson's poems make use of various poetic devices such as imagery, symbolism, alliteration, repetition, and metaphor. These devices enhance the emotional impact and depth of his poetry.

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